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Further removed from the student and local eco-system, but no less important, are the elected officials and state agency staff who exert considerable influence on the educational system of any state. These include governors and state legislatures, state superintendents and state boards of education, state agency staff, the colleges and universities that prepare teachers and administrators, the state business communities and the media.
Some might question how these people could possibly be part of an educational accountability system for local school districts. But the fact of the matter is that they have a significant impact on the day-to-day operations of schools by virtue of the very important roles they play in establishing state laws and policies for governing the processes and results of schooling.
With school finance litigation, workforce development and economic competitiveness issues very much in the minds of state policymakers, these individuals and groups have assumed a more direct, hands-on role in educational policymaking since the early 1980s.
They are important elements of this accountability system and must accept responsibility for their own actions, or lack thereof, in the effort to improve the academic achievement of the students of the state.
They comprise the external circle. Few, if any, examples exist for holding these external stakeholders accountable. This model proposes a set of responsibilities that can serve as a base for addressing that void.
State Boards of Education
Higher Education
Governors
State Legislatures
State Courts
Other State-Level Organizations
Statewide Business & Media
Author's Conclusion
Federal Level
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